Abstract
If the theory of activity was formed under the influence of Marxist ideas and psychology, then phenomenology – existentialism and the theory of consciousness. The evolution of the views of G.P. Shchedrovitsky and M. Foucault, who chose Marxism and built, the first, a theory of activity and methodology, the second – a doctrine that includes an analysis of discourses, institutions and power is compared. But if Shchedrovitsky struggled with psychologism and subjectivism all his life, Foucault eventually overcomes Marxist influence and returns to the study of personality outlining in the last period of his life the main ideas of the philosophy of subjectivity. Although phenomenologists polemize with methodology denying the latter, the author argues that phenomenology is also a certain area of methodology, but fundamentally different from Shchedrovitsky's “pan-methodology”.
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