Ефективність комплексних добрив в технології вирощування капусти головчастої

Abstract

An effective system power optimization nutrition plants includes providing the necessary macro- and micronutrients during the growing season. Often the limiting factor of productivity serves shortage one or more elements of a nutrition during critical periods of growth and development of plants. Modern high-yield varieties have more intense metabolism that requires high level of nutrition. Differentiated introduction of complex fertilizers with trace elements and macro provides plants with essential nutrients throughout the growing season. Conducting foliar fertilizing fertilizer complex Nutrivant in various dosage provides an increase in yield of marketable products cabbage on 7,7-10,9 t/ha or 13,8-19,5%, while the yield of marketable products in the using compatible option 56,0 t/ha. The combined use Mikrokats (Ca + V and Zn + Mn) and “Ammoniate” with “Nutrivant oil plus synergies, causing the yield marketable products receiving at 69.2 t / ha. The significant increase of the total sugar in the cabbage is marked by the use of Mikrokatu Ca + B and Mikrokatu Zn + Mn» in the phase of forming heads (as in the compatible use of mineral fertilizers and with Nutrivant oil). This figure is 5,11-5,23%, while a variant of fertilizers - 4,92%. The use of Nutrivant has a positive effect on the increase of ascorbic acid in the cabbage. The introduction this fertilizers, as well as Ammoniate and Mikrokativ ascorbic acid increased significantly to a 32,6-35,1 mg /100 g, a value of this index for making fertilizers only 29.4 mg /100 g. Foliar fertilizing of complex fertilizers marked increase in nitrate content in cabbage heads (411-487 mg / kg), but their content is thus below the maximum allowable concentration cabbage (MPC - 500 mg / kg). The reduction of nitrate in the production of cabbage contributes the use of Ammoniate and Mikrokativ as the compatible use just fertilizer and with Nutrivantom Oil Plus (347-386 mg / kg wet weight). By using different doses of (2-4 kg/ha) in three periods marked only sustainable growth yield marketable products relative to the compatible use of mineral fertilizers N 120 P 120 K 90 and locally N 60 P 60 K 45 . The positive influence of foliar fertilizing «Kristalon brown» on qualitative indicators cabbage doesn’t found. Checked sustainable growth of total sugar feeding Kristalon brown in various doses in the compatible fertilizers N 120 P 120 K 90 (4,70-4,84%). Nitrate in cabbage experiment variants were in the range of 196 mg/kg, 309 mg/kg do not exceeding MPC. In studies conducted in 2011-2013, the use of complex fertilizers Raykat Florone and Razormin contributes significantly increasing productivity 5,4-8,6 t/ha or 10,8-17, 3%, the yield on the control of 49.8 t/ha cabbage. The best results are obtained when feeding in terms of fertilizers 3 Razormin + Florone Raykat + Florone in the compatible use local N 60 P 60 K 45 : marketable yield increases were 8.6 and 8.1 t/ha. Dry matter content in cabbage for fertilizing complex fertilizers increased significantly to 9.43% only by introducing common Razormin and Florone. In other embodiments, the positive trend was recorded only increase dry matter to 8,15-8,53%. Foliar application Razormin in the compatible fertilizing tend to increase the content of ascorbic acid to 19.49 mg/100g. Nitrate ranges from 317-328 mg/kg wet weight not exceeding settings MРC. In Ukraine production Red cabbage occupies small areadue to lack of of domestic varieties imperfection of the growing technology, low productivity. A review of scientific literature suggests that the issue of increasing its production in Ukraine is insufficiently studied. Wider implementation of this crop will increase the production of vegetables, to expand its range, enrich the human diet. The important is to establish the effective use of complex fertilizers with macro- and micronutrients system nutrition optimization Red cabbage in terms of left-bank forest-steppe ofUkraine. Carrying out foliar fertilizing Red cabbage varieties Paletta complex fertilizers Nutrivant and the fertilizer group Raykat against the compatible use fertilizers (N 45 P 45 K 30 ) provides a significant increase in yield of marketable products compared to absolute control (without fertilizer) and at traditional fertilizers (N 90 P 90 K 60 ) and locally (N 45 P 45 K 30 ). The positive effect using complex fertilizer Nutrivant on the content of some vitamins Red cabbage, due to the formation of optimal nutrition conditions for the formation of biologically active substances. It was noted a significant increase carotene content of 0.230 mg/kg in the compatible using locally N45R45K30 to the level of 0.299 mg / kg; Folic acid - from 3.58 mg / kg to 5.60 mg / kg product. Also noted a positive trend in the reduction of nitrate Red cabbage for fertilizing use complex fertilizers (315-332 mg / kg wet weight).