Продуктивність сумісних агроценозів ярих зернових і зернобобових культур

Abstract

The purpose. Development of separate elements of technique of growing mixtures of grain (oats, spring triticale) and leguminous crops (spring vetch, lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)) on slope lands for increasing total yield of grain and improvement of its quality. Methods. Field and laboratory, measuring-gravimetric analysis, laboratory-chemical, infra-red spectroscopy (Infrarapid-61), mathematical-statistical, calculation-comparative. Results. Formation of productivity of agrocnosises of summer grain and leguminous crops is probed at cultivation on slope lands of Carpathian region. It is determined that at seeding mixtures of grain and leguminous crops indexes of productivity increased in comparison with one-crop sowings and depended on fertilizing. The highest they were at importation of N32P32K32 at seeding oats and lupin (4,0+0,8 million viable seeds/hectare) — 5,39 t / hectare, and also in a mixture of spring triticale with lupin (4,0+0,8 million viable seeds/hectare) — 5,54 t/hectare. Productivity in sowings with fertilization in comparison with control (without fertilizing) was increased by 1,19 and 1,34 t/hectare accordingly. At seeding mixture grain with vetch productivity was lower. The high content of crude protein is gained in oats-lupin and triticale-lupin mixtures — 18,7–19,7 and 17,8–19,1% (in control without fertilizers) and 20,2–20,6 and 18,4-19,6 % (on the background of N32P32K32) accordingly. Exit of crude protein from a unit of area increased with fertilization and depended on a mixture. The highest results were gained at seeding mixtures of oats and lupin — 1,084–1,054 t/hectare (depending on seeding rate of gramineous ingredient) on the background of fertilizer (N32P32K32). At seeding triticale-lupin mixtures the exit of crude protein was lower and made 1,011–0,987 t/hectare. Conclusions. At growing mixtures of grain and leguminous crops productivity indexes and quality of grain increased and depended on the background of fertilizing.