МЕТОДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И РАЗВИТИЯ ПСИХОМОТОРНЫХ СПОСОБНОСТЕЙ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the concept of psychomotor abilities and the peculiarities of their development in primary school age children. It has been revealed that such components of psychomotor abilities as the accuracy of spatial movements, the accuracy of muscle reproduction, the sense of time, and the preservation of body stability develop most intensively in primary school age. As a result of the theoretical analysis, it was found out that the age from 7 to 12 years is sensitive for the development of the accuracy of spatial movements in the joints, and the accuracy of reproduction of muscle efforts. From 8 to 10 years of age, the ability to assess the weight of objects and the ability to reproduce a given amount of muscle effort develops intensively. For the development of a sense of time, the accuracy of determining the time of performing a motor action, as well as maintaining the stability of the body, the entire primary school age is sensitive. The methods of diagnostics of psychomotor abilities used in the psychology of sports and physical education, including hardware methods and exercise tests, are considered. The advantage of using a test study of psychomotor abilities in school practice is substantiated. As a result of the analysis of the experience of practicing teachers, 5 tests-exercises for the study of psychomotor skills of younger schoolchildren were identified, which allow determining the features of the development of psychomotor abilities and are characterized by reliability and ease of use: a test for a sense of space, a sense of time, reaction speed, a sense of angle and a sense of muscular effort. A technique is presented that includes sets of exercises aimed at developing the psychomotor abilities of first-graders, which can be used in the preparatory part of a physical education lesson. The effectiveness of using exercises with objects and weights is substantiated. Complexes of exercises with weights and objects have been developed, aimed at developing the psychomotor abilities of younger schoolchildren. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the components of the younger schoolchildren’s psychomotor skill. It was found out that the sense of time, reaction speed, muscle feeling and sense of angle in the experimental group received significant positive dynamics. The results obtained indicate a significant increase in the productivity of the components of psychomotor abilities in the experimental class. The range of positive dynamics for all five tests is from 4 % to 48,1 %. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology for the development of psychomotor abilities of primary school children is proved.