Метаболомические исследования при хроническом риносинусите: обзор клинических перспектив

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common otorhinolaryngological diseases, which significantly reduces the quality of life of patients. The etiopathogenesis of CRS has not been fully studied to date, it is problematic to predict the effectiveness of the therapy and the possible period of remission. To solve such issues in modern medicine, metabolomic studies are carried out that study various low-molecular metabolites, cell components in biological material taken from a person: in a cell, tissue, fluid, exhaled air, saliva, bronchial lavage, etc. Metabolomic studies allow identifying possible disease markers and also quantifying them. As a result, a set of individual molecular parameters is compiled that form the patient’s metabolic profile. Metabolomic studies define a new level of clinical prediction in a wide range of complex human diseases, including cardiovascular, oncological diseases, asthma, diabetes, etc. Today, it is typical to use a multiomics approach that combines various molecular omics technologies (genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, etc.). Based on the identified quantitatively measured biomolecules, it becomes possible to compare genetic variability with complex phenotypic features. Publications on metabolomic studies in CRS are not extensive; however, they report the identified differences in various forms of rhinosinusitis. Metabolomic studies in CRS allow determining the diagnostically significant molecular markers of various forms of chronic sinusitis as well as creating a personal omics profile of the patient and providing an opportunity to control the effectiveness of the therapy. Together with complete data on the patient’s lifestyle and health status, the patient’s personal ohmic profile may be the basis of personalized medicine.