Музеологические аспекты оценивания памятников истории и культуры: музеализация

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This article is devoted to the study of evaluation from the prism of museology, which is the main method of selecting valuable objects from the cultural heritage in order to endow them with the status of historical and cultural monuments. Evaluation of historical and cultural monuments is one of the tasks of museology. Despite the fact that this task is assigned to the newly formed scientific discipline – monument studies, however, the phenomenon of “monument of history and culture” as a classic object of museology research continues to be studied within its framework. Today, the phenomenon of “monument of history and culture” is used in a new content, providing for the protection of the most valuable object in a special mode, that is, at the status level. This new paradigm of attitude to historical and cultural monuments has given impetus to rethinking the museum value of a valuable object, which, in turn, leads to the fact that the same objects of cultural heritage, acquiring a new essence, are interpreted differently each time, “read”, that is, interpreted. In this process, the exclusivity of the act of musealization is manifested, which provides any object of reality with the features of museality. The increasing relevance of this topic was influenced by the theory of the Czech museologist Z. Stransky about the “museum attitude to reality”. The author of the concept of musicality Z. Stransky, in his theoretical calculations, presents the evaluation of objects of museum significance as a process of musealization. The concept of musealization by the Czech museologist is supported and developed in a culturological context by the art historian O.S. Sapanja. This article also analyzes the culturological theses of this researcher about musealization in the context of assessment. Another objective of this article is to identify the museal aspects of a monument of history and culture on the basis of its connections with the act of evaluation – musealization. Evaluation as an act of musealization is carried out from the perspective of the modern system of values. “Value” and “assessment” are classic concepts of museum terminology. Museality is a method of assigning special properties to objects of the real world through the interpretation of the subject (i.e. evaluator) in order to ensure the protection of historical potential. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that it is the museality that appears as the main determining criterion for the status of a monument of history and culture. Since museality as a logical result of the process of musealization is reflected in the information of an object of museum significance. In the article, the act of evaluation is explored in the plane of museum axiology, museum hermeneutics, museum interpretation, the purpose of which is to identify information of museum significance.