Иллокутивное самоубийство как прагматическое ядро комических речевых жанров

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of “illocutionary suicide” in comic speech genres, the basis for the analysis of which was the model of the speech genre developed by T.V. Shmeleva. In linguopragmatics there is a narrow (Z. Wendler) and a broad understanding of the named pragmatic phenomenon. Given the specifics of Russian performatives, by “illocutionary suicide” we mean a speech act in which a verb (phrase, idiom) is used, forming the intention of “self-exposure”. During the analysis of the empirical material it was found that “illocutionary suicide” is stated only in jokes, jokes, comic dialogues and humorous “opinions about”. In addition to the obligatory intention to make the interlocutor laugh, intentional “self-exposure” also acts as a presenter. The axiological component of all the analyzed comic speech genres is multifaceted: from the point of view of real communicants, actions called “provocative” verbs are condemned by society; from the point of view of the heroes of these works, assessments and values can vary, up to a positive attitude to autonomous actions and deeds. The leading type of presumption is counterethical, which includes additional semantic shades. It is revealed that the content of the proposition is based mainly on ontological anomalies, sometimes synthesized with logical or lingual ones. The linguistic embodiment is presented in the traditional form for a performative speech act, or is mitigated by negation and constructions with the semantics of the condition.