Исследование самооценки качества жизни работающего населения Российской Федерации

Abstract

The commonality of the goals of occupational health and safety and medicine is to ensure working conditions that contribute to the preservation of the employee health. For professions, in which it is not possible to exclude the possibility of a negative impact of occupational hazards and harmfulness, timely detection of health disorders and medical restrictions on the performance of certain types of work help to preserve the worker health. However, in the occupational medicine, little attention is paid to the subjective assessment of the health of industrial employees. The purpose of the study is to establish the degree of influence on the psychosomatic state of the mining and processing plant underground workers of working conditions associated with the profession, experience, the presence of an assigned preferential pension, as well as comparison with similar indicators for workers in other manufacturing industries. The analysis of the subjective assessment of the quality of life of miners was carried out using the Russian version of the SF-36 questionnaire, according to the results of which the self-assessment of the quality of life of miners admitted by the medical commission to work exceeds 50 points, for those who did not pass the medical commission (23.28 % of the total) subjective indicators of physical and mental health are less than 50 points. There is a trend towards a decrease in the quality of the life indicators with an increase in length of service to the minimum values by 35 years of work, which is noted in the published questionnaire studies of the highly-skilled workers of the enterprises in other branches of industry. In the group of highly-skilled workers over 36 years, the majority of whom are pensioners (less than 60 years, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation) of pre-retirement age, the workers with physical and mental health indicators comparable to the self-assessment of the quality of life of miners who worked at the enterprise for less than 20 years remain in the profession. A review of studies at other enterprises with harmful and hazardous working conditions allows to judge that the decrease in the physical and mental tone of the quality of life of the highly-skilled workers is aggravated by the presence and severity of the diseases received, as well as the level of industrial potential of the enterprise. The obtained results of the objective and subjective dynamics of the health status of workers in harmful and hazardous working conditions can form the basis for the development of preventive measures to reduce occupational risks.