Моделювання витікань газу з газопроводів в аварійних ситуаціях

Abstract

The article is devoted to the development of the theory of gas flow in gas pipelines, as well as the study of the practical issues of operating a gas transmission system. The flows studied in scientific work can occur during emergency ruptures of the pipeline wall, as well as in normal situations, in particular, during the purging and emptying of sections of the high pressure gas pipeline. The equations of conservation of mass and changes in momentum, as well as the equations of energy, are shown for consideration, and the thermodynamic transformations occurring with the gas are shown. In the calculations, the distributions of gas velocity, pressure and temperature are built, and on this basis new, previously unknown effects are revealed, and known results and existing calculation methods are checked and refined. Gas dynamics also developed, of course, as applied to the problems of design and operation of pipe pipelines. The operation of gas transmission systems is associated with many technological regimes when “simplified assumptions” contradict reality and do not allow revealing effects important for practice. The simplest estimates show that there are flows in gas pipelines that are characterized by high velocities, at which the inertia forces are very significant, and the gas temperature changes by tens of degrees as a result of compression and expansion of the flow. First of all, this refers to the processes that occur during gas leakage through openings during gas pipeline ruptures, as well as to technological operations associated with a partial passage of gas or its discharge into the atmosphere. This work is devoted to the study of just such phenomena. In particular, the work carried out modeling of the gas leak due to a defect of a certain diameter in the body of the main gas pipeline, investigated the effect of changes in the diameter of the defect and the distance to the leak from the beginning of the stretch between compressor stations, on the pressure and temperature at the end of the stretch.