Abstract
The article presents information on the terminological concepts in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the organs of the urinary system (OUS), as well as the existing views on the criteria for their diagnosis. The modern views on the microbiome and virom of the urinary system, their role in the development of inflammatory diseases in the OUS and the pathways of invasion of infection into the kidneys. The causes, mechanisms of development and progression of renal infection are isolated, including the importance of the structural kidney anomalies and urinary tract, the role of formation of inflammasomes, biofilm and intracellular bacterial communities. Special attention is paid to modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of urinary system infections in children.
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