Электропластический эффект и взаимодействие электрического импульса с проводником

Abstract

The additional effect of electric currents on metals in the process of their machining has found wide practical application. This combination is used in cutting, rolling, drawing, flattening, and it allows one to increase the ductility of the metal and improve its mechanical properties. The physics of the processes of electrical impact remains largely incomprehensible. A detailed analysis of the processes of forming a vibration response in conductors to the action of electrical impulses made it possible to exclude a number of physical effects previously proposed to explain the effect on mechanical processes in conductive materials during their mechanical processing. It has been experimentally proven that the dominant mechanism for the formation of a vibrational response to the effect of electrical impulses is the action of shock mechanical effects at the moments of the beginning of the leading and trailing edges of an electrical impulse. There is a linear dependence of the magnitude of the vibration response on the magnitude of the electrical impact. For conductors, bending modes of vibration are dominant and the dependence of the polarity of the vibrational response on the polarity of the electrical impact is characteristic. Vibrations arising in the process of exposure are not associated with a smooth increase in the electric current through the conductor, as well as with a constant level of current during the action of an electric pulse. Vibration frequencies are characteristic of the processes of formation of mechanical vibration of the conductor and are significantly lower than the vibration frequencies in the material of the conductor, determined by the vibroplastic effect. Analysis shows that it is possible to control such a tunable vibration action on the metal being processed. This multi-frequency treatment can be combined with additive heat treatment. The results obtained make it possible to substantiate the choice of the parameters of electrical impulses when processing metals using the electroplastic effect.