Молодежный рынок труда: европейский опыт в российском контексте

Abstract

This article analyzes problems of the youth labour market in the regions of Russia. The disproportionate placement of productive resources, cultural centers and institutions of professional education per capita among the regions presupposes different levels of efforts taken by young persons in achieving their life goals. Comparison of the unemployment problem perception by young people and of its real level reflects a lack of correlation between these indices. Under conditions of uncertainty and changing reality, characteristic of globalization, there are many reasons for anxiety, the fear of unemployment, which is the most obvious factor creating a sense of backsliding on a usual and stable lifestyle. In this situation, the personal perception of being in demand is important. The behavioural stereotype among young people is changing, they increasingly prefer “selfbilding” to achieve their being in demand on the labour market, rather than rely on social institutions. Informal employment and migration to regions with high economic activity is discussed in the article as impelled and spontaneous adaptation of young people. In most regions, “antimigration” becomes a challenge. In his address to the Federal Assembly, the President Vladimir Putin said that the outflow of labour from regions is contrary to the objectives set in the country. The informally employed, not having an official status, may not work in the public management – they are concentrated mainly in agriculture, construction and trade. Another labour market niche is occupied by migrants: mining, construction, transport and communications, finance. The situation on the labour market was affected by the crisis of 2014, however, the latter only emphasized the existing problems. Needs and requirements of each segment of society are quite specific and depend on the historical situation, in this case – upon regional conditions and possibilities of young people’s adaptation there. As a promising form of adaptation, the author proposes to consider the European experience of labour force participation in social economy.