Моніторинг забур’яненості посівів сої у короткоротаційній сівозміні

Abstract

Goal. To monitor the species and quantity composition of weeds in soy sowings of short crop rotation. Methods. Field, laboratory, calculation, and comparison. Results. The research was carried out in 2016–2021 in a stationary 2-factor field experiment on typical chornozem in a short crop rotation (spring barley — sunflower — soy — winter wheat), which includes 3 tillage systems (shelf, shallow disk, and no-till technology), and 3 fertilizer systems (without fertilizers, resource-saving minimized, intensive). The given data indicated that in the agrocenosis of soy, the main type of weediness was mixed, and consisted of small-year monocotyledonous-dicotyledonous, and accompanying rhizomes. It was established that late spring species had the largest share (45–55%). The share of early spring weeds was 18–26%, winter and winter weeds — 7.0–24%, and perennial species — 8–18% of the total amount. The lowest number of weeds in soy crops was fixed for shelf tillage. Conclusions. In the conditions of the zone of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest Steppe in short crop rotation with the long-term use of various systems of main tillage on typical shallow low-humus chornozem, for growing soy, it was established that the system of main tillage, which was based on shelf tillage, had significant advantages in terms of reducing weediness of soy sowings over the shelf-less cultivation system with disc tools and no-till technology. It was found that under an intensive fertilizer system, Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Roem. et Schult. develop more intensively. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. and Polygonum scabrum Moench. spread in the background without the use of fertilizers, while under the resource-saving minimized fertilizer system, their number decreases due to the increase in the competitiveness of the culture. The use of shelf cultivation leads to the spread of dicotyledonous weed species in soy agrocenosis. The number of young monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed species increases during tillage.