농법과 계절에 따른 탈질세균의 군집 구조와 탈질율 비교

Abstract

농법에 따른 토양성분과 <TEX>$N_2O$</TEX> 발생량, 탈질세균 수, 탈질세균의 군집 구조와 T-RFLP 패턴을 계절별로 조사하였다. 토양성분 분석결과 총 탄소량과 총 유기탄소량은 유기농법에서 각각 1.57%, 1.28%, 무농약 농법은 1.52%, 1.24%, 관행농법은 1.40%, 0.95%로 친환경농법에서 유기 탄소량이 비교적 높게 나타났다. <TEX>$N_2O$</TEX> 발생량은 5월과 11월 토양이 높았지만 속도는 8월 토양이 빨랐다. 탈질세균 수는 유기농토양은 평균 <TEX>$1.32{\times}10^4MPN/g$</TEX>,무농약 토양은 평균 <TEX>$1.17{\times}10^4MPN/g$</TEX>, 관행농 토양은 평균 <TEX>$6.29{\times}10^3MPN/g$</TEX>으로 친환경농법 토양이 관행농법 토양에 비해 탈질세균 수가 많은 것을 확인하였다. 계통수 분석 결과, 전체 10개 Cluster 중 유기농법 토양이 6개의 Cluster에 분포되어 친환경 농법 토양이 다양한 군집을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. T-RFLP 패턴의 PCA profile 분석 결과, 유기농법은 넓은 분포를, 관행농법은 좁은 범위의 분포를 나타내고, 무농약농법은 유기농법과 관행농법의 중간에 분포하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 계절과 농법에 따라 탈질세균의 분포와 군집구조가 달라지는 것을 확인하였다. We studied soil composition, <TEX>$N_2O$</TEX> production, a number of denitrifying bacteria, community structure and T-RFLP patterns of denitrifying bacteria dependent on agricultural methods with the change of seasons. Analyses of the soil chemical composition revealed that total carbon and total organic carbon contents were 1.57% and 1.28% in the organic farming soil, 1.52% and 1.24% in the emptiness farming soil, and 1.40% and 0.95% in traditional farming soil, respectively. So, the amount of organic carbon was relatively high in the environment friendly farming soils than traditional farming soils. In case of <TEX>$N_2O$</TEX> production, the amount of <TEX>$N_2O$</TEX> production was high in May and November soils, but the rate of <TEX>$N_2O$</TEX> production was fast in August soil. The average number of denitrifying bacteria were <TEX>$1.32{\times}10^4MPN{\cdot}g^{-1}$</TEX> in the organic farming soil, <TEX>$1.17{\times}10^4MPN{\cdot}g^{-1}$</TEX> in the emptiness farming soil, and <TEX>$6.29{\times}10^3MPN{\cdot}g^{-1}$</TEX> in the traditional farming soil. It was confirmed that the environment friendly farming soil have a larger number of denitrifying bacteria than the traditional farming soil. As a result of the phylogenetic analyses, it was confirmed that six clusters were included in organic farming soil among total 10 clusters. And the result of PCA profile distribution of T-RFLP pattern on agricultural methods, the range of distribution showed wide in the organic farming method, relatively narrow in the conventional farming method, and middle in the emptiness farming method. Therefore, we could concluded that the distribution and the community structure of denitrifying bacteria were changed according to the agricultural methods and seasons.