Abstract
The review highlights modern views on the etiology and pathogenesis of pterygium, as well as discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of its surgical treatment. Currently, the main etiological factor in the development of the pterygium is considered to be the effect of ultraviolet radiation, which damages limbal stem cells and leads to a dysfunction of their barrier function. The influence of mutations in the p53 gene, as well as various cytokines and growth factors, is being actively discussed. The main problem of surgical treatment of pterygium remains the high rate of disease relapses. Methods of barrier plas-tics with the use of allo- and autografts are promising. There are reports of the use of a femtosecond laser to perform some stages of surgery.
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