РОССИЙСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ САМОЗАНЯТОСТИ: РАЗВИТИЕ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ

Abstract

In his article, the author describes what he found when analyzing the formation and development of the institution of self-employment in the Russian Federation, both taking into account the diversity and specifics of Russian regions and identifying the reasons for this institution’s active introduction into the Russian economy and social sphere in modern conditions, as well as the positive results obtained. The study showed that in all Russian regions there is a significant increase in the number of self-employed, exceeding the planned and forecast values presented in the federal program “Creating favorable conditions for the activities of self-employed citizens” (2018). Statistics by federal subjects of Russia indicate that the spatial development of the institution of self-employment is combined with a significant decrease in the unemployment rate in the vast majority of Russian regions. However, it should be noted that after the introduction of this institution there were also negative effects, including the switch of skilled workers from SMEs and even from large enterprises to self-employment, which aggravated the problem of labor shortage in some regions. On the whole, it can be stated that in Russia this institution is now adequately fulfilling its functions in the economy and in the social sphere — bringing small business entities out of the shadows and fighting unemployment. In the context of modern challenges and strategic tasks, these two functions are essential for the Russian economy and society.