ВАЛЕНТНІСНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ПРИСЛІВНИКОВИХ ПРЕДИКАТІВ ЯКОСТІ ТА ПРЕДИКАТІВ СТАНУ

Abstract

An adverb is the most peripheral part-of-speech class of attributive words in terms of its semantic and grammatical characteristics. The sign of an adverb is a reflection of the syntactic relations of sign words – attributive, circumstantial and others. An adverbial sign appears as a static sign of a predicate or an attribute of an object. Adverbs that perform the function of an adverbial compound predicate in a two-member sentence and an adverbial compound of a principal part of a one-member sentence are formal-grammatical correlates of state predicates; prominent among them are the predicates of the qualitative-evaluative state and the predicates of the state of the environment, the external state of a certain spatial object, the emotional-mental, physical and physiological state of a being, etc. Adverbs, like other classes of attributive words, have a category of semantic-syntactic valence, but it has a transpositional character, because they acquire it in connection with the transposition into formal-syntactic positions of the verb – adverbial compound predicate in two-member sentence and an adverbial compound of a principal part in a simple sentence. The defining feature of the valence of adverbial predicates is smallness, because quality predicates and adverbial predicates of state, which correlate with the adverbial compound predicate of a two-member sentence and an adverbial compound of a principal part in a simple sentence, are monovalent. In addition to obligatory subject valence, some predicates of qualitative and modal semantics may have optional and some even obligatory object valence. Characteristically, subjective valence correlates with a subject, a typically expressed by non-predicate noun with the meaning of an object or a being, or substantivized by demonstrative pronoun adjectives this, that, only in the formal-syntactic structure of an elementary two-member sentence with an adverbial compound predicate. This valence is more often represented by the infinitive form or the predicate noun in a non-elementary two-member sentence.