Abstract
As a result of the implementation of the State Program for the Protection of saigas in Kazakhstan, they have overcome the category of endangered animals of wild fauna. Due to the evolutionarily developed biological features due to their high adaptive capacity to changing climatic conditions, early and high fertility, in recent years their rapid population growth has been noted. However, the rapid growth of the saiga population has created a threat to the development of animal husbandry and crop production in the regions of both Kazakhstan and adjacent neighboring regions of Russia, which caused protests among farmers and private households in the areas of saiga migration. The first major threat is competition for resources. Thus, due to competition with farm animals for pastures and watering places, cases of loss of pastures and crops have become more frequent. The second most important threat is the risks of the spread of diseases from wild fauna. The high density of wild animals increases the likelihood of epizootics, as well as the transmission of diseases between saigas and domestic animals. Studies have found that exceeding the population size beyond the permissible one is fraught with both diseases within the protected species and the transfer of these diseases to livestock and even to humans. Diseases can destroy a significant part of the population. In the analysis of the dynamics of the saiga population since 1980, several cases of mass animal deaths have been noted with a frequency of once every 3.6 years. The multi-species biocenosis of domestic and wild animals creates the most favorable conditions for the preservation and spread of pathogens of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases in nature. These veterinary risks of the occurrence and spread of diseases both among saigas and domestic animals serve as the basis for the need to regulate the number of saiga populations and veterinary and sanitary welfare of the territories of habitats and migration of saigas.
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