Abstract
The article is aimed at establishing the evolutionary features of the development of the application of the concept of energy efficiency in the construction sector. To solve the main tasks of the research, the following method of systematization was used, which allowed to determine the set of evolutionary aspects of the formation of this concept; a comparative analysis, which was used to compare the main changes at the level of the eras of the concept's development. The main periods of the formation of the concept of energy efficiency were highlighted in the provisions of theoretical and empirical works, regulatory and legal frameworks, program documents and practice. Among the specified periods, the following are distinguished: the nuclear era (1950-1960), associated with society's focus on the search for reliable sources of energy, in particular, nuclear, with no mention of energy efficiency, but with an emphasis on a possible energy shortage; the era of oil crises (the 1970s), which is characterized by the deepening of energy shortage problems, orientations towards energy conservation and rational use of energy; the era of market rationalization (1980-1987), associated with the spread of the discourse of energy efficiency in connection with fluctuations in energy prices, high dependence of countries on oil; the era of environmental awareness (mid-1980s - early 2000s); using the concept of energy efficiency as a means of confronting market challenges and advantages in comparison with energy saving (2000-2020). It has been proven that within the framework of the fifth period, energy efficiency is being implemented in the construction sector under study. It was determined that the following building standards and technological solutions are used on the basis of energy efficiency, namely: passive house technology (provided for the creation of comfortable living conditions, cost-effectiveness, minimal negative impact on the environment, which are achieved through the use of special structures, renewable energy; energy-efficient buildings and premises for commercial real estate focused on IT infrastructure (co-working spaces), energy-efficient buildings, residential sector complexes. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of using the main provisions and characteristics regarding the emergence of this concept in forecasting its new trends in the future.
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