Вклад системы образования в решение проблемы социального неравенства

The article reveals the essence of the definition of "quality of education". The essence of notion is analyzed, based on the conceptual foundations of professional education reform. The components of modern professional education are decentralization of management and funding; social partnership in the field of professional education and training and the labor market; quality of professional education. The system model of railway transport specialists education is built and substantiated. The problem of education quality in global European dimension is analyzed. The quality of education today is seen as a process and as a result. On the one hand, the "quality of education" is a process that meets human needs for knowledge and demands of society. On the other hand, "quality of education" is the result of educational institutions activities which allows to assess the level of pupils, students (future specialists) education in accordance with the requirements of educational standards, curricula, etc. The necessary steps to be taken to ensure the quality of higher (professional higher) education are considered and analyzed. The main components of the quality of education are considered and studied. The structure of the definition of "quality of education" is built and substantiated from the standpoint of a systematic approach. The role of monitoring the quality of education is revealed and their functions in professional training and in the educational process are singled out: ascertaining, controlling, strategic. The essence of qualimetry as a science is revealed, which allows to quantify the quality of objects, things, processes, phenomena. The principles of qualimetric science (quality as a synthesis of properties of the studied object or phenomenon; satisfaction of specific needs of an individual or society; degree of satisfaction of needs; specific units of measurement; absolute indicators from experimental results; calculation of relative indicators; weighting factor of each property of the studied object or process, comprehensive quantitative quality assessment). Analysis of the qualimetric model for assessing the quality of education in college was built and carried out (on the example of the Kyiv College of Transport Infrastructure).

Devoting the article to the quality of education, it should be noted that quality as an essential characteristic of any subject is found everywhere. In society, at the state-management and household levels, it is customary to talk about the quality of life, the quality of medicine, the quality of education, the quality of public services and management, etc. All social processes, all relations are considered today from the point of view of their quality. The quality of education has always been and will be the most relevant topic for research. High-quality education generates a highly moral person of society. This article analyzes the quality of vocational education as a legal institution, thanks to which the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to legislate the concept of quality of vocational education, defining it as a comprehensive characteristic of educational activities and training of students, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements, as well as the needs of the state and society in represented by representatives of employers, expressed in the demand for graduates in the labor market.

Gender Equality as EU Strategy

The article provides a comparative analysis of different approaches to ensuring the quality of higher education in Ukraine. The concept of "quality of education" is characterized as a set of knowledge, skills and abilities that a future specialist acquires during his studies at a higher education institution, forming his information potential. The quality of higher education is the foundation for the development of democracy in Ukrainian universities, strengthening public trust and increasing the international prestige of Ukraine. It is found that ensuring the quality of education in Ukraine is carried out using three main mechanisms: internal quality control in educational institutions, external assessment and control by state bodies, as well as a quality management system at the level of bodies responsible for education policy. Recent years in Ukraine have been marked by significant progress in the formation of the legal framework for the introduction of a system of guaranteeing and ensuring the quality of higher education. It is noted that the current quality of educational services in Ukraine is being formed under the influence of a full-scale invasion that began on February 24, 2022. The main measures that contributed to the stabilization of the situation in the field of quality of educational services are outlined. These include providing psychological assistance to higher education applicants, creating appropriate conditions for learning, flexible and clear planning of the educational process, ensuring effective communication between all participants in the educational process and active interaction. All these measures have a direct impact on the further development and implementation of the higher education quality management system. They reflect modern realities and make quality standards and principles more adapted to today's requirements. The system of ensuring the quality of higher education in Ukraine is based on a combination of national strategic planning documents (such as the National Doctrine of Education Development), international standards (ISO 9001) and legislative acts. The main elements of this system are academic integrity as a fundamental principle that ensures trust in the results of the educational process, an effective accreditation and licensing system, a unified assessment system and material and technical support. Several alternative models of quality management in higher education in Ukraine are considered and characterized, in particular the TQM, EFQM and IQMS models. It is noted that the responsibility for choosing a model of quality management of educational services lies with the management of the educational institution. This choice must be justified and take into account both internal factors (goals, resources) and external (needs of society). The study confirmed that the quality of higher education in Ukraine is a multidimensional concept that encompasses the level of knowledge, skills and abilities of graduates, as well as a system of management and control mechanisms. Further development of the quality management system of higher education in Ukraine should be based on an integrated approach that takes into account both global educational trends and national challenges, ensuring a high level of specialist training and international recognition of Ukrainian universities.

The book chapter “Quality of Higher Education – Current Situation and Policy Proposals in Vietnam” presents a comprehensive presentation of higher education's role in socio-economic development. The book chapter emphasizes that the quality of education is a key factor in training highly qualified human resources and a driving force for national innovation. The book chapter analyzes outstanding achievements such as expanding the scale of training, strengthening university autonomy, improving scientific research capacity, promoting digital transformation, and international integration. However, many challenges still exist, such as uneven quality of lecturers, slow innovation of training programs, inadequate facilities, and limited linkages between universities and businesses. The book chapter proposes specific policies to comprehensively improve the quality of higher education, including staff development, program improvement, infrastructure investment, enhanced accreditation, and international cooperation expansion, toward a modern, creative, and sustainable university system.

Introduction. In the conditions of war, Ukraine faces numerous challenges that affect the socio-economic situation and the functioning of the labor market. At the same time, the formation of an inclusive labor market, which is able to provide equal opportunities for all citizens, including vulnerable groups of the population, which will contribute to social cohesion and economic stability of the country, becomes particularly relevant. This requires the formation of conceptual approaches to the creation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of wartime and the challenges facing the country. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the study is to determine the conceptual foundations of the formation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine in wartime conditions based on the identification of the main challenges for attracting vulnerable population groups to the labor market and the development of ways to overcome them in order to ensure the social and economic stability of the state. Methods. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach, which includes the analysis of scientific literature, regulatory and legal framework and statistical data. The research uses methods of comparative analysis to determine barriers in the labor market, a systematic approach to determine the conceptual foundations of inclusiveness, and a method of logical generalization to determine practical ways to solve the identified problems. Results. The article identifies the need for the formation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine in the conditions of war, when socio-economic instability affects access to employment for various population groups. The main barriers to the participation of vulnerable population groups in the labor market, including veterans, internally displaced persons, people with disabilities, youth and women, have been identified. The analysis of the modern legal framework showed that there is currently a shortage of state support tools for their employment. The importance of cooperation between the state, business and the public sector to create equal employment opportunities has been proven. Conceptual approaches to the formation of an inclusive labor market are defined: implementation of professional retraining programs, development of social entrepreneurship and adaptation of workplaces. The need for the formation of a state policy aimed at ensuring equal access to the labor market for all population groups and strengthening the economic stability of Ukraine has been proven. Conclusions. The importance of the formation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine as a key element of socio-economic stability in the conditions of war has been proven. The proposed conceptual principles ensure the expansion of opportunities for vulnerable population groups, the reduction of unemployment and the increase of social cohesion.

On the basis of discussion in earlier chapters, we have understood the importance of improving the quality of secondary education in India, due to its socio-economic implications impacting society and individual as a whole. But the main question arises on how to improve the quality of secondary education? Although at the macro level we have identified various deficiencies in Chaps. 8 and 9 that need to be relooked in order to improve the system, it is equally important to identify various obstacles at the micro level, that is, at school, by student or teacher to achieve overall improvement in the quality of education. It is equally important to understand their perspective as well to bring this change. But before looking at various factors that determine the quality of education, it is important to understand the way in which we can measure and try to improve the quality of education. It is pertinent to mention that by the expression ‘improving the quality of education’, we mean improving the performance and achievements of students by providing them best learning and growing environments. Hence, this study will measure the quality of secondary education in terms of student performances, their achievements, and overall satisfaction level. Available literature shows that schools, family environment, and teachers do play an important role here, but to measure the exact impact, a detailed analysis is required. To locate the determinants of student outcomes and performances, this study has conducted a survey to capture student perspectives on school environments, family culture, types of resources and infrastructural facilities available, and exposure to mass media. It also covers information on teacher’s background and teaching methods and practices adopted, the findings of which are discussed in this chapter. In addition to this, the perceptions of students on their self-performance, development, schooling, teaching quality, and self-evaluation are also discussed here. The chapter further elaborates the factors which are affecting the performance and learning outcomes of students and thereby act as major obstacles in achieving quality education at secondary level. The first section of this chapter describes various characteristics related to schools, family and other background of students that may have possible impact on learning outcomes and achievement of students. The perceptions of students on different issues have been covered in the second section. The third section presents the exploratory model for identifying the factors affecting performance of students. The findings of this chapter have been summarized in the last section.

The need for new reforms in education is caused by fundamental changes in public life, which impose new requirements on the individual, but do not find full reflection in the system of education. Modernization of the education system, the desire to achieve a more complete correspondence between the socio-economic reality and the needs of the individual are the main source of ensuring the need for quality educational services. The article presents an analysis of modern methods of assessing the quality of higher education in Kazakhstan, the need to develop a conceptual model of the accreditation system, contributing to the improvement of the domestic system of assessing the quality of education and its comparability and recognition at the international level. The article analyzes the problems of quality of education in Kazakhstan and foreign universities. In addition, the spectrum of analysis of the authors included different points of view on the quality of higher education over the past decade. The survey was attended by 40 experts from 4 leading universities of Kazakhstan: Abay KazNPU, E. Buketov KSU, M. Auezov SKSU, S. Amanzholov EK SU. On the basis of the analysis of results tendencies of development of an assessment of quality of the higher education are generalized. Key words. Higher education, educational services, quality of education, professional competencies, accreditation of HEE, expert assessment.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of workplace spirituality and servant leadership on service quality in higher education. Design/methodology/approach: This was done by examining the function of job satisfaction as a mediator in this relationship. The study was carried out in a tertiary educational institution in Bali, Indonesia, and the data was analysed using PLS-based SEM (Structural Equation Model). Findings: The study findings indicate that (1) workplace spirituality and servant leadership in higher education have an impact on job satisfaction, (2) workplace spirituality and servant leadership do not have a direct effect on service quality in higher education, and (3) job satisfaction acts as a mediator between workplace spirituality, servant leadership, and service quality in higher education. Research limitations/implications: Research was carried out using scientific procedures and methods, but in its implementation, some limitations provide room for improvement in the future. Other variables that are decisive to service quality in education should be involved in future studies. Originality/value: Based on the findings, this study introduces a novel paradigm offering theoretical and practical advancements in ensuring quality of service in higher education. Additionally, it suggests fostering spirituality in the workplace and adopting servant leadership to guarantee lecturers' contentment to enhance the quality of service in higher education.

Education is the major driver of growth. Recently, special attention is being given to the mismatch between the education system and the skills required and needed by the labor market. The aim of the present research is threefold. First, it assess the higher education system in the state of Qatar through a comparison of the quality of education provided by public versus private universities. The second goal of the research is to understand- using a new micro dataset that is collected for the purpose of this study- the mismatch that exists between the Qatari's labor market and the education that one receives at the university level. Third, this research makes an effort towards understanding the returns of education in Qatar, which help puting the first two objectives of this study into a relatively more complete framework. The collection of a quantitative mico dataset represents an important goal of this study. This dataset follows individuals who graduated from a public or a private university in Qatar to see whether these do participate in the labor market or not and, to what extent their jobs (if working) are matching their field/area of education. The sample is designed to include graduates who have a bachelor degree in one of the three disciplined (biological sciences, computer sciences or business administration). A representative sample of graduates from Qatar University (as the main public/national university in Qatar) on the one hand and, from Carnegie Mellon University (as one of the well-based private universities in Qatar) on the other hand. This quantitative dataset is also complemented with a qualitative one that allows us- through round-table discussions- to ask students about the main challenges they face in entering the labor market as well as their views about the quality of education they receive/ed. The literature on this topic has clearly focused on the quality of higher education institutions but not on how this supposedly high quality education will help graduates once they are in the real world. This missing element is not often thought of when discussing education although it should be. The present research attempts to amend that especially, for the case of case. The outcome data from this project fills a gap in terms of the mismatch between what university education offers and the labor market needs particularly in Qatar. Other studies have focused on other countries from the Middle East and North African region but the present study aims to fully comprehend how these same matters affect Qatar. Although there is research done on education in the context of Qatar, there isn't a lot of exploration neither of the quality of university education nor the labor market mismatch, possibly because the unemployment rate is really low. However, the unemployment rate does not reflect the number of graduates (female graduates in specific) who have decided to go out of the labor force and become inactive only because they believe that they will not find the job that they desire and that matches their education within the Qatari's labor market. Therefore, the unemployment rate in Qatar possibly neglects in its calculation a large part of the population who should rather be called “discouraged unemployed”. Based on my discussions with my Qatari students, the majority of them consider themselves as discouraged rather than unemployed or inactive. To identify the effect of public versus private higher education institution characteristics on the labor market outcomes, we first need to isolate the factors that could have affected the individual's choices between the public and the private education in the first place (correct for this selection bias). For instance, factors as the household wealth may affect the choice between public and private institutions. As an example, while wealthier individuals may select into private higher education institutions because they can afford the costs, the poorer individuals may not. Thus, labor market outcomes in this case may be a function of the individual's socio-economic characteristics rather than the institution they attend. Studying the factors that come into play and where exactly the problem lies will help in providing officials/policy makers with the answers they need in terms of how to solve the issue of mismatch as well as the issue of low participation rates (especially for women). This research will result in yielding answers that will hopefully be turned into policy actions. Research is great on its own but, it is in the best interest of Qatar, considering that the state is moving into a knowledge based economy. This research and the policy recommendations it will produce will help to bridge the ever-present gap between education and the labor market.

The ratio of supply and demand in the labor market is an important criteria for the effectiveness of the functioning of the economic system at the macro level. Improving the effectiveness of employers' personnel policy requires the development of new control tools and forecasting of dynamic labor market processes at the macro and micro levels. The problem of optimal control of the previously proposed closed labor market system is considered. The problem of optimal control of a system described by a system of nonlinear differential equations is formulated in general form. Aim. Finding piecewise constant control values at which the price-quality ratio in the labor market will be maximum over the next three years. Materials and methods. According to the concept of the model, the subjects of the labor market are divided into three categories depending on the amount of demand for their labor: subjects of high, low and medium qualifications. A hypothesis has been adopted according to which vacant places in the labor market are considered to be occupied by low-skilled subjects. Due to the previously proven uniqueness of solving the problem of optimal control of a closed labor market, a greedy algorithm for finding the maximum value of the price-quality ratio in the labor market is justified. Using Wolfram Mathematica, according to the method found earlier, the formulated optimal control problem was solved at each time half-interval. Results. Control values have been obtained at which the price-quality ratio in the labor market of the village of Sylva in the Perm Territory will be maximum over the next three years. The results substantiate the recommendation to introduce stricter requirements for applicants for vacant positions at the city-forming enterprise of the village of Sylva in the Perm Territory.

HEdPERF is the most developed scale in the literature to measure service quality in higher education. However, HEdPERF is designed to measure service quality at university level (macro level) as a generic measurement instrument. Students’ expectations regarding education show differences as levels of education at universities (MBA, PhD) vary. Thus, in order to measure the quality of education at different levels, a new scale is required to meet the needs of that particular level (MBA). The purpose of this study was to develop and validate HEDQUAL, a new measurement scale of service quality specifically designed for MBA programs in the higher education sector.A 36 item (Turkish) questionnaire on service quality in higher education was developed and tested for unidimensionality, reliability and validity using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. A total of 317 usable questionnaires were collected with a return rate of 42%. SPSS 15 and LISREL 8 were used and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied. The recommended goodness-of-fit indices of the model were found to be within tolerable ranges, suggesting that the model provides a close fit to the data.The study identified five factors namely academic quality, administrative service quality, library services quality, quality of providing career opportunities, and supporting services quality as the key dimensions of service quality. This paper uses existing literature on services quality and MBA students’ expectations and needs, and develops an instrument that provides insights into measuring service quality for MBA students in a university.

PurposeHEdPERF (Higher Education PERFormance) is one of the most recently developed scales in the literature to measure service quality in higher education. However, HEdPERF is designed to measure service quality at a macro level (university level) and may be considered as a more generic measurement instrument. In higher education, new scales with a much narrower focus may need to be developed for micro levels within a university because of the unique nature of different academic units. The purpose of this paper is to develop an instrument for measuring service quality in the School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, PESPERF (namely Physical Education and Sports Sciences PERFormance).Design/methodology/approachA 30‐item questionnaire on service quality in higher education was developed and tested for unidimensionality, reliability and validity using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. In total, 320 physical education and sports sciences students participated in the study in a classroom setting.FindingsStudy results indicate that three dimensions (academic aspects, empathy, and access) capture the determinants of service quality in the School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (PESS).Research limitations/implicationsSample size, cultural factors and the complex nature of university customers limits one's ability to generalize these results to broader populations.Practical implicationsThrough the use of service quality dimensions presented in this study, PESS administrators can successfully measure and monitor service quality perceptions in their institutions. Having identified the areas of service quality improvement priorities, administrators can allocate appropriate resources to encourage continuous service quality improvements.Originality/valueThis paper uses existing literature on service quality and develops an instrument that provides insights into measuring service quality for a specific academic unit within a university.

The article is dedicated to the issue of student involvement in higher education quality assurance and evaluation – a vital and highly relevant issue in today’s higher education of Ukraine. Changes instigated by the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education» of 2014, foresee an active role of students in the formation and evaluation of higher education quality as 1) final beneficiaries, 2) interviewees and participants in accreditation of study programmes, 3) external evaluation experts during study programmes accreditation, as ruled by current legislation. Taking into account the significance of students’ role in quality assurance, it is necessary to find out: how university students interpret quality of higher education and higher education quality assurance; how students perceive their role in the formation and enhancement of higher education quality; to what extend they are ready and committed to influence and improve the quality of higher education. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to investigate students’ opinion on the quality of Ukraine’s higher education. To this end, students’ survey was conducted with the focus on the following: what is quality and quality assurance in students’ opinion; how respondents assess the quality of education in their HEI and in Ukraine in general; whether students can influence the quality of study programmes and quality of higher education; what hinders improvement of study programmes and enhancement of quality of higher education. The survey was conducted in May – October 2020; the respondents were 115 students of five Ukrainian universities (years three and four of bachelor programmes and master students) who volunteered to take part in the survey. The research resulted in the following conclusions: 1) There is no integral, holistic understanding of higher education quality among student community. Representatives of different HEIs interpret higher education quality differently, though in total 60% of respondents interpret quality as « new, relevant information and knowledge». 2) On the whole, respondents value the quality of higher education rather low: only 25% of students regard it as high. At the same time, most of surveyed students rate the quality of their study programme higher, than the quality of higher education in their university or the quality of educational services in Ukraine in general. 3) Students of different HEIs are rather diverse in their interpretation of quality assurance of higher education and choice of different means for quality enhancement. On the whole, respondents give preference to those tools that anticipate active students’ participation in quality assurance, like asking the teacher to change the manner of teaching, or leaving a complaint with student self-government, discussing the quality of teaching in a focus group, or filling in an evaluation questionnaire. 4) Students who participated in the survey demonstrated critical thinking and fair judgement of their negative impact on the quality of higher education by stating that low student motivation is the most significant factor that obstructs quality enhancement. Other factors cited by respondents include low teacher motivation, underdeveloped infrastructure at HEIs, teacher workload. 5) The positive finding of the survey is that the majority of students are confident in their capability to influence the quality of higher education in their HEI and only 21% responded they are deprived of the possibility improve higher education quality.

The service industry is a sector that plays an important role in the modern economy. Under the influence of economic, technological and social changes, this industry has become the main indicator that determines the level of development of countries. The quality of the service industry is aimed at meeting the needs of customers, and this in turn gives organizations a competitive advantage. Education is also an important part of the service system. It is considered as the main tool that develops the creative potential of society and ensures social justice and equal opportunities. This research work is aimed at analyzing the importance of service quality in economic and social spheres, including the quality of educational services. Service quality is defined as the difference between customer expectations and actual service received. The field of education is an important field that ensures the development and future of society. The research was conducted in public and private secondary schools in Turkestan. The main goal of the study is to determine the difference between the expectations of students from educational services and the actual knowledge they received. For this, the SERVQUAL model developed by A.Parasuraman, V.Zeitaml and L.Berry was used. In the course of the research, questionnaires were conducted and the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel programs. The level of satisfaction of students with the quality of education, the relationship between the quality of service and demographic characteristics was determined. The results show that quality education has a direct impact on meeting the needs of students. The scientific value of the research is in the provision of specific recommendations for quality improvement using the SERVQUAL model in the assessment of the quality of educational services. Keywords: service quality, secondary education organizations, measuring educational services, customer expectations and perceptions, quality measures.