ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ НА ФОТОСИНТЕЗУЮЧИЙ АПАРАТ РОСЛИН

Abstract

In the process of intensive industrialization of society, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming global. Increasingly, we are confronted with the problem of late detection of contamination of territories, which in turn leads to an increase in the occurrence of environmental risks. For better environmental monitoring, it is necessary to develop a system of biological environmental control. Biological control methods allow the detection of pollutants in small quantities, which increases the likelihood of reducing the level of environmental risks of environmental pollution. Indicators of soil contamination are primarily plants, which can be observed changes in the chemical composition of the soil. Heavy metals have a negative effect on photosynthetic pigments, resulting in plants suffering from a disease such as chlorosis. Therefore, when assessing the quality of the environment, it is necessary to pay attention to the study of the content of green pigments in plants. The relevance of this work is the use of a photosynthetic plant apparatus, which serves as a source of information on environmental pollution. For the purpose of experimental studies of the effects of heavy metals on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, three metals were selected: chromium, lead and copper. After analyzing all three metals, the concentration of which was from 1 to 30 MPC, it was determined that they have no inhibitory effect on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants through the root system, since the ratio of chlorophylls a and b were in the range of 3.2-3.7, at the normal range of 2.5-3.0. When conducted with the aerial finding of heavy metals on the leaves of plants, the results obtained showed that heavy metals do not have a negative impact on plants. Solutions of heavy metal salts of chromium, lead and cadmium in concentrations of 30 MPC were used. After studies, it can be concluded that heavy metals do not have a significant inhibitory effect on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, as there is a general decrease in the concentration of chlorophylls, and the ratio of chlorophylls a and b do not decrease.