Мінливість елементів насіннєвої продуктивності у люпину білого кормового

Abstract

Goal. To assess varieties and selection numbers of white fodder lupin, and to identify their genetic diversity by the main structural elements of seed productivity. Methods. Field — to assess the vegetative development of plants, the content of alkaloids in green plants, measuring and mathematical and statistical analysis — to make structural analysis with elements of seed productivity. Results. Seed yields of varieties and selection numbers of white lupin on average for 2016-2019 varied from 3.42 to 4.53 t/ha, and the weight of seeds from one plant — from 9.8 to 12.9 g. The number of beans varied from 10.7 to 15.6 pieces for a plant. In favorable weather conditions, the share of beans from the central panicles did not exceed 45%, in unfavorable years it increased to 60%. The number of seeds from the plant ranged from 38.2 to 44.6 pieces. In case of deterioration of growing conditions, most of the seeds were formed on the central panicles and reached 64% of their total number. The number of seeds in one bean averaged 3.7 pieces per plant, and on the central and lateral panicles — 4.1 and 3.3 pieces. The weight of 1000 seeds was at the level of 312 g, with seeds from the central panicles — 328 g, from the lateral — 286 g. On average for 4 years, the share of central panicles in ensuring plant productivity was 61% by weight of seeds from the plant, the number of seeds — 57, and beans — 51%, which is explained by the formation of larger seeds on the central panicles and more seeds in one bean than on the side panicles. The greatest genetic diversity of the studied selection material was found by the following traits: seed weight, number of beans and seeds from the plant, the coefficients of variation of which were 11.8%; 11.6 and 11.2% of the central panicles and 21.9%; 22.8 and 21.1% of the lateral, respectively. Less genotypic variability was found on the basis of the average number of seeds in one bean and the weight of 1000 seeds: coefficients of variation — 5.3 and 3.7% of the central and 7.8 and 4.2% of the lateral panicles. The indicators of lateral panicles revealed much greater variability compared to the central by weight of seeds and the number of beans and seeds from the plant. Conclusions. Under unfavorable growing conditions, the share of central panicles in the formation of seed productivity increased significantly. The greatest genotypic variability in the studied varieties and selection numbers was found by seed weight and number of beans and seeds from the plant.