Інноваційні форми зайнятості в умовах цифровізації ринку праці

Abstract

The article is devoted to the systematization and definition of characteristic differences of innovative forms of employment, which have become widespread in the conditions of digitization of the labor market. The essence of the concepts «digitalization», «digital transformation», «digital technologies» is revealed, a conclusion is drawn about the ambiguity of the impact of digitalization on society and the economy. It was concluded that in modern economic conditions, digitalization of the labor market is part of the general process of digitalization of the economy, which is not singled out as a separate direction. The growth of the unemployment rate as the main risk of the digital transformation of the economy has been studied. In particular, there are estimates of global job losses due to digitalization, including by spheres of economic activity, types of work that can be automated using modern technologies in the near future. It is substantiated that in the modern world in the labor market there is a tendency to spread new labor relations, which were not typical for the industrial period recently. It is about the spread of new innovative forms of employment, in particular, remote employment. The peculiarities and constituent elements of remote employment (teleworking) are analyzed. It is substantiated that the introduction of innovative forms of employment contributes to the expansion of the population's opportunities to implement the main principle of employment in the market economy – the exclusive right to dispose of their own abilities to work. Attention is drawn to the fact that the development of the digital economy is being carried out at the state level in Ukraine, which has positive consequences for the labor market, in particular, the development of innovative employment. The obstacles to the development of innovative employment in Ukraine, as well as the main prerequisites for the spread of innovative forms of employment in the state, are highlighted. It was concluded that the formation of a modern type of social and labor relations involves, firstly, qualitative changes in the professional and qualification structure of the workforce, and secondly, the functioning of a full-fledged mechanism of social partnership between the state, business and citizens in the field of employment.