조선후기 충청도 조운제도의 변화와 금강 일대 군현의 세곡운송

Abstract

Like the other areas, the grain shipping system of Chungcheong-do was fully equipped during the reign of Seongjong of Joseon and Jungjong of Joseon. However, as the Imjin War broke out before and after the 17th century and it was difficult to secure grain transport ships and grain transport workers, tax grain was paid to the Joseon Dynasty by utilizing Gyeonggangseon ships of Seoul which were called private ships (私船) or local Toseon ships. This is called direct payment (直納) or direct payment to authority (直上納). Direct payment of tax grain was widely done in the three southern provinces including Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, and Gyeongsang-do. Among them, direct payment of Chungcheong-do was most actively done.BR The areas that directly paid to the Joseon Dynasty in Chungcheong-do were Counties and prefectures in the whole area of the west cost and the Geumgang River. The counties and prefectures in the whole area of the west cost and the Geumgang River obligatorily needed ships to load tax grain to directly pay. However, these areas had lesser local Toseon ships and the insufficient conditions to attract Gyeonggangseon shipowners. The Gyeonggangseon shipowners were sensitive to rent that they received after rending their ships, that is, Seonga (船價). Chungcheong-do’s Seonga was lower than that of Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do. Therefore, the Gyeonggangseon shipowners avoided transporting Chungcheong-do’s tax grain. And due to this, the partial areas including Hongju did Chakseon (捉船) to catch Gyeonggangseon ships forcibly in the ocean. Eventually, the Joseon Dynasty implemented Jakdaeje (作隊制) to raise fiance stably, organized Gyeonggangseon ships as Seongye (船契), and make them responsible for Chungcheong-do’s tax grain transport. And Jugyo ships took full charge of tax grain of the counties and prefectures in Chungcheong-do in the 19th century as Jugyosa that appeared in the reign of Jeongjo of Joseon was connected to Jakdaeje.BR 11 counties and prefectures located in the whole area of the Geumgan River in Chungcheong-do were all Jugyo ships’ sphere of activity. Each county and prefecture installed Gangchang and Haechang on the Geumgang River and accumulated tax grain collected from the precincts. Then, Jugyo ships came down to the places from Seoul and transported tax grain. 14 sailors including Gamgwan, Saekni, the shipowner, and Gyeokgun were on board the ships. Among them, Gamgwan and Sekni resided in the counties and prefectures that paid tax grain and the shipowner and Gyeokgun were the people who resided on the Han River in the areas of Seoul and Yongsan. Jugyo ships which departed from the Geumgang River arrived at Seoul after sailing for about 30 days. Like this, the Jugyo ship-centered tax grain transport method which was active on the Geumgan River continued until the late 19th century.