ДЕРЖАВНІ ЗАКУПІВЛІ: ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ РОЗВИТКУ ТА КРАЩІ СВІТОВІ ПРАКТИКИ

Abstract

Public procurement plays a pivotal role in the economy, ensuring efficient spending of budgetary funds, stimulating business development, and combating corruption. This paper comprehensively explores the evolution of public procurement systems worldwide and compares best global practices with Ukraine's domestic Prozorro electronic platform. The study analyzes the main historical stages of public procurement development – from early informal agreements to the formation of centralized systems with clear rules and procedures in the 18th-19th centuries. It examines the tender era of the 20th century, marked by the introduction of electronic methods, establishment of e-procurement systems, and the growing role of international organizations. The modern 21st century stage is highlighted, with a focus on strategic procurement, innovative methods, the role of data and analytics, and ethical aspects. Key events that reshaped the public procurement paradigm globally are outlined. The paper provides detailed characterization of leading electronic platforms for public procurement, highlighting their features, advantages, and drawbacks. The public procurement systems in Ukraine and the European Union are compared, outlining directions for harmonizing Ukrainian legislation with European standards and best practices. Key issues and potential ways to improve the procurement system to reduce corruption levels are outlined. The World Bank's recommendations on using Ukraine's Prozorro electronic system for all procurement needs for the country's reconstruction after the full-scale invasion by Russia are highlighted. The prospects of adapting Prozorro to the World Bank's specific standards and reconstruction needs, particularly regarding the procurement of consulting, design, and architectural works, are considered. The study underscores the utmost importance of continuous improvement of Ukraine's public procurement system, incorporating global best practices, implementing innovations, enhancing workforce qualifications, and adhering to principles of transparency and integrity. Only through reform can effective use of budgetary funds and ambitious goals of the country's reconstruction be achieved.