Проблеми імпортозаміщення та їх вирішення на машинобудівних підприємствах

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of the problem of import substitution at two levels of management, namely: macro- and micro-level. The aim of the article is to substantiate the scientific, methodical and practical aspects of import substitution in the current conditions of enterprise activity. On the basis of the analysis of the works of well-known experts on the problems of export-import activity, it is proposed to consider import substitution as a process of ensuring the efficiency of activity by: production of own competitive products with high added value; replacement of imported raw materials, materials and components with domestic ones that have a lower cost; diversification of production of quality products of lower value, which replaces imported products in the domestic market. Such a definition specifies the ways of import substitution in the conditions of a real enterprise. The problems and prospects of implementation of the import substitution strategy in the machine-building industry are considered. An analysis of the implementation of the import substitution strategy at the enterprise of JSC «Ukrainian Energy Machines» has been carried out. Some aspects of methodological support for determining import substitution at enterprise have been proposed. A multifactorial regression model of dependence of profitability of enterprise activity on the volume of exported products and volumes of imported raw materials, materials and components has been developed. On the basis of the SWOT analysis, effective ways to implement the import substitution strategy at the enterprise to improve the efficiency of its activities have been identified.