Роль мясного скотоводства в формировании мясного баланса России

Abstract

Beef production is the most important source of animal protein and is of strategic importance for food safety. World beef production in 2021 increased by 3.8% compared to 2012, and by 1.7% compared to the previous year and amounted to 59.4 million tons. Thanks to the measures taken, the gross production of cattle meat, including from specialized meat breeds in Russia, is also showing positive dynamics. This is primarily due to the growth of qualitative indicators: average daily gains and the average weight of one head sold for slaughter. At the same time, the number of cattle is decreasing, and the number of specialized meat breeds and mixed cattle is increasing. In 2021, the share of beef accounted for 14.7% of all meat livestock products and occupied the 3rd place in the meat market. Beef imports for 2012-2021 decreased by more than 3 times, which made it possible to reduce import dependence to 12.8%. At the same time, beef exports are growing. The main consumers of domestic meat are China, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia. In order to increase beef production in Russia and reduce the share of imports in the country, a course has been taken to develop specialized beef cattle breeding. But, despite this, beef production is still at a fairly low level, not allowing to increase production to the required volumes.