Вопросы комплексного развития молочно-мясного скотоводства Республики Коми

Abstract

The study’s relevance stems from the increase in demand for livestock products, particularly meat, juxtaposed with the growing challenges in their production on an intensive scale. These challenges include environmental degradation, climate change, and an upswing in diseases linked to imbalanced nutrition. Also, there are ongoing discussions revolving around the merit of beef and milk with normalized fat content. This study aimed to analyze the current state of dairy and beef cattle breeding in the North and formulate growth strategies aligned with the principles of sustainable development. Innovative approaches to cattle breeding have been explored, focusing on enhancing environmental, social, and economic efficiency in the industry. The "less and better" concept, centered on producing livestock products that cause minimal environmental harm, improve animal welfare, and benefit human health, has been thoroughly examined. The study also discusses the challenges confronting cattle breeding in the Komi Republic. A shift towards intensive farming has been found to boost dairy cattle productivity while also resulting in increased cattle losses and a decline in fertility and overall health. Unresolved issues related to creating an optimal feed supply system and the uniform adoption of concentrate, hay, and silage feed mixtures also contribute to industry instability. Moreover, it has been found that concerns surrounding Holsteinization and the preservation of the Kholmogorsky breed of dairy cattle are particularly acute in the region. The study’s scientific novelty lies in introducing an integrated approach to cattle breeding in the Komi Republic, aiming to improve the quality of livestock products, enhance industry profitability, and boost farmland fertility. The practical significance of the study lies in proposing measures such as establishing cultivated pastures, reintroducing cattle grazing to improve the feed supply system, and safeguarding the Kholmogorsky breed. These proposals are valuable for governing bodies involved in shaping regional strategies and programs for agricultural production development.