Критическое мышление в образовании: вопрос метода трансляции знания

Abstract

The study of critical thinking is carried out through the prism of the program “Logic and Critical Thinking”. The search for methodological foundations of modern pedagogy is undertaken through an appeal to the tradition of postmodernism. Among the postmodern ideas, the idea of “experience” stands out in all its diversity, which takes place in the learning process. The variability of experience authorizes the rejection of intellectual pressure and the possibility of methodological pluralism in the choice of teaching methods and approaches. Anti-pedagogy, postmodernly oriented in its theory and practice on the principles of “experiential learning”, contains grounds for the development of a problem-oriented method, considered as a trigger mechanism in the cognitive process aimed at the formation of critical thinking skills. The effective practice of implementing the problem approach in the development of intellectual, linguistic, logical dispositions of the personality of students and their transformation into a research community is shown. The conclusion is made about the priority of the problem-oriented method in teaching the art of thinking critically.