РОЛЬ ВІЙСЬКОЇ ГЕОГРАФІЇ У ЗАРОДЖЕННІ ВЧЕННЯ ПРО ЛАНДШАФТ

Abstract

The results of the most substantive exploration of the history of the landscape doctrine origin of the Russian and Ukrainiangeographers have been investigated. The conclusions of the authors of historical investigations on the chronology and contentof historical events related to the emergence of the term “landscape” in science, the establishment of preconditions and drivingfactors of its origin have been critically analyzed. The fairness or improper conclusions about the role of certain scientists in theorigin of the concept of landscape as the main target of geographical research have been indicated. The evidence to confirm thefairness of critical remarks has been provided. It has been noted that the roots of the Ukrainian landscape science are Germangeography of the nineteenth century, and along with Germany the landscape concept has acquired a powerful development inRussia and Ukraine (as a part of the Russian Empire), where the term “landscape” began to be widely used not only in science,but also in education at the end of the nineteenth - beginning of the twentieth centuries. It has been proved that the starting pointshould be considered 1805, when the German geographer G.Gommeier first used the word “landscape” in the work “Contributionof European Countries to Military Geography” from German spoken language as a scientific term for the designation of one ofthe units of natural land distribution for the needs of military geography. It has been shown that the prerequisites and drivingfactors of introduction of the term “landscape” in science was the “state order” of the European countries to differentiate theterritory of Europe in terms of differences in natural conditions for the organization and conduct of hostilities.