Abstract
The subject of the research of this article is the social sentences adopted at the gatherings of nomadic peoples, on the example of the Kalmyks of the Astrakhan province in the last third of the XIX — early XX century, reflecting the rational behavior of nomads in relation to the environment. The basis of the source base was documentary materials from the collections of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. The research methodology is based on the use of problem-chronological and comparative methods of scientific research. In the course of the study, the author focuses on three areas: land use, water supply and rodent control. In conclusion, it is concluded that respect for the environment is a legacy of traditions developed over several generations and fixed by the norms of customary law, and subsequently approved by imperial legislation. However, practical experience shows that not all areas of activity of the imperial government aroused the interest of the nomadic population and did not always correspond to rational behavior, which was more subject to the norms of customary law
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