인도 고전무용 쿠치푸디에 나타난 젠더 변화와 새로운 실험

Abstract

This paper undertakes an examination of the historical origins, performance style, and evolutionary trajectory of Kuchipudi, a classical Indian dance originating from the village of Kuchipudi in Andhra Pradesh. Traditionally, due to restrictions, women were not permitted to participate in Kuchipudi, resulting in men assuming the female roles, thereby contributing to its distinctive appeal. This gendered performance practice, notably exemplified in works like Bhamakalapam, contributed to the distinctive character of Kuchipudi. Additionally noteworthy is the actor’s dual portrayal of Madhavi/Madhava, seamlessly alternating between male and female roles, with corresponding stage divisions to accommodate these transitions. However, the tradition has undergone significant transformations, particularly since the 1960s. Vempati Chinna Satyam, a pioneering figure in Kuchipudi’s modern evolution, introduced reforms aimed at broadening its accessibility and appeal. These reforms included casting men in male roles and allowing women to perform previously restricted female roles, even including male deities such as Krishna and Shiva portrayed by women. Chinna Satyam’s experimental approach sought to align Kuchipudi with contemporary artistic and societal expectations, leading to its widespread popularity both nationally and globally. Nevertheless, these changes have sparked debates surrounding Kuchipudi’s cultural identity and authenticity. Of course, traditions are not fixed and can always be reinvented. But it’s also important to remember that too much experimentation can often lead to destruction rather than creation. The case of Kuchipudi deserves serious consideration.