Продуктивність лучних травостоїв за різних способів поверхневого поліпшення

Abstract

Goal. To study the effect of surface improvement of meadow agro phytocoenoses by strip sowing of legumes in the existing grasslands, as well as the influence of the long-term application of different doses of mineral fertilizers on their productivity. Methods. Field — to determine the interaction of the object of study with weather and agronomic factors, measuring — to determine the yield and productivity of grass, statistical — to determine the reliability of the results of research. Results. The results of research in ways to increase the yield of meadow grasslands depending on surface improvement are presented. Application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (P60K90) and sowing of legume components increased productivity by 29% on short-term and 21% — long-term haymaking compared to the option without fertilizers. The main crop of meadows of different ages was formed under the influence of nitrogen nutrition, the use of which provided 60–109% growth. The lowest productivity was under control without fertilizers and amounted to 4.16 t/ha of hay on the short-term (5–9 years) phylogenesis, 2.6 t/ha of f.u., on the long-term (42–46 years) — 4.62 t/ha of hay, 2.0 t/ha of f.u. The application of phosphorus and potassium (P60K90) fertilizers made it possible to increase the yield of meadow grasslands from 21 to 29%. Conclusions. Feeding short-term grass with a nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of N60 (N30 for the first 2 mowing cycles) contributed to productivity growth up to 7.40 t/ha of dry matter and 5.65 t/ha of f.u. Uniform application of slightly lower doses of nitrogen N50 (25+25), with 2 times mowing of grasses provided 6.82 t/ha of hay with an increase to control of 64%, the collection of fodder units was 5.13 t/ha. The highest productivity of long-term (42–46-year-old) grassland (6.80 t/ha of f.u. and 0.98 t/ha of digestible protein) was provided by the use of mineral fertilizer (N90(30+30+30)P60K90) with uniform distribution of nitrogen fertilizers and 3 times mowing of meadow grasses.