ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОНКОУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ В ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОМ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОМ ОКРУГЕ

Abstract

Significance. The lack of positive dynamics in the rates of morbidity and mortality from cancer in the eastern regions of Russia in recent decades has been the basis for studying epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of the urogenital and urinary system among residents of a particular territory. The purpose of the study is to estimate the major morbidity and mortality parameters in patients with uro-oncologic pathology in the Far East (2008- 2021). Material and methods. Rates of morbidity, mortality and their derivatives, reporting forms of cancer statistics and regulatory documents of healthcare bodies have been analyzed. Results. In 2021, the average incidence rate of prostate cancer equaled to 30.92±1.75о/оооо, kidney cancer – 10.82±0.28о/оооо, and bladder cancer - 6.83±0.18 (2018: 29.81±2.05о/оооо; 10.83±0.34о/оооо; 6.97±0.19, respectively). The number of patients with stage I-II prostate cancer (+33.9%), kidney cancer (+11.3%), and bladder cancer (+14.3%) increased over the study period with a simultaneous decrease in the number of neglected forms of the disease. The share of actively detected patients increased across all tumor localizations, as well as the contingent accumulation index by the end of the year. Morphological confirmation of the diagnosis corresponded to the Russian average (prostate cancer - 96.6%, kidney cancer - 89.9%, bladder cancer - 94.4%). The share of cancer survivors for 5 and more years was lower than in Russia for prostate cancer (44.1%), kidney cancer (58.7%) and bladder cancer (56.6%), however, the mortality rate within one year after the diagnosis has improved. The average mortality rates of prostate cancer equaled to 11.80±0.20о/оооо, kidney cancer – 3.80±0.08о/оооо, and bladder cancer – 2.79±0.08о/оооо (2018: 11.60±0.19о/оооо, 3.85±0.09о/оооо, 2.89±0.07о/оооо, respectively). The quality of oncologic service activity was denoted by the index of registration reliability, which did not exceed 0.40 in the Far Eastern Federal District. Discussion. The present study has confirmed that the oncologic service of the region needs standardization of all types of medical care, improvement of material and technical facilities, provision of medical therapy departments with modern drugs against the background of the improved standard personnel policy. Conclusion. Preventive activities aimed at early cancer detection and well-organized follow-up of patients with background and precancerous conditions remain priority areas of work of medical preventive institutions in the Far East. A necessary condition for improving the situation in the region is systematic training of qualified personnel and introduction of modern diagnostic and treatment technologies into practice.