ДЕРЕВООБРАБОТКА У НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЗАУРАЛЬЯ В ЭПОХУ РАННЕГО МЕТАЛЛА

Abstract

The article is devoted to woodworking — a complex, multi-level system of stages and operations of the technical and technological process of the Early Metal Age of the Trans-Urals. The natural resources of the forest zone of the region provided the necessary material — wood — for the manufacture of wooden structures, hunting and fishing tools, household and religious products. The technological sequence of woodworking of this time is illustrated in detail by the example of the manufacture of one of the most complex categories of wood products — a sledge runner, discovered in 1928 at the VI Section of the Gorbunovsky peat bog. A set of tools has been defined with which the skid is made: an axe for chopping an entire tree trunk and pre-processing for making a workpiece; an adze for facing the product; chisels with a flat and semicircular blade for cutting holes, additional secondary processing and a lower sliding surface. The skid from the VI Section of the Gorbunovsky peat bog, according to the existing typology, belongs to the keuru type with a U-shaped grooved cross section and holes in the sides, to type B4: it has vertical grooves for hooves and mounting holes. Depending on the design of the recesses and mounting holes on the basis of these runners, it is possible to reconstruct both single-pole and double-pole sleds. In the Early Metal era in the Trans-Urals, woodworking was probably a traditional activity with established techniques and methods of material processing. Logging, splitting and cutting, cutting, planing, scraping, chiseling, drilling and smoothing of wood, as well as the technique of spike connection of parts, using wedges or belt binding, bending, are fixed.