Пространственно-временной анализ диффузии инноваций в сельском хозяйстве

Abstract

The article presents the results of the analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of the processes of diffusion of innovations in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation by subjects. The application of a group of traditional and mathematical methods in the research process is complemented by the widespread use of the capabilities of geoinformation technologies and, first of all, geoinformation-cartographic modeling. In the process of conducting research, the corresponding specialized GIS databases “Innovations in the Subjects of the Russian Federation” were designed and practically implemented in various software versions. Based on them, the construction and analysis of a complex of geographic information-cartographic models, differing in the degree of complexity, reflecting the innovative processes occurring in agriculture of all regions of the Russian Federation, was performed. Each of the series of obtained analytical base and resulting maps illustrates various aspects of the innovative development of agriculture and the diffusion of innovations at different time periods. The results of geographic information mapping and modeling were also presented in the form of animated maps and cartographic animations reflecting the features of the territorial distribution of innovations and the spatio-temporal dynamics of their diffusion. Spatio-temporal geographic information-cartographic analysis of the diffusion of innovations made it possible to identify some objective laws of this process. First of all, there was a marked movement of innovations in the agriculture of the Russian Federation in the space-time continuum in the direction from innovative nuclei and sub-nuclei to innovative sub-periphery and periphery, and from donor regions of agricultural innovations to recipient regions. Geographically, the diffusion of innovations in agriculture of the Russian Federation occurs mainly in the direction from the largest cities (at the same time being leading scientific and technical centers) and areas of intensive agriculture (primarily farming) to the regions of the east and north of the European part, Siberia and the Far East. The wide use of the capabilities of geographical information systems and geographic information technologies at all stages of the study allowed the formation of cartographic and attributive databases of the GIS “Innovations in the Subjects of the Russian Federation” according to the main indicators of the innovative development of the agricultural industry at the territorial level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. On their basis, a significant number of maps and geoinformation-cartographic models of territorial innovative agricultural systems of regional level, the processes of diffusion of innovations occurring in them were constructed and analyzed, and their main spatio-temporal patterns were revealed.