Эпидемиология глаукомы у населения Южного Урала. Результаты исследования

Abstract

Purpose. To analyze the prevalence of glaucoma in Bashkortostan depending on the stage of the disease, gender and settlement features of the respondents. Material and methods. 5899 individuals (including glaucoma by optic nerve head morphology changes — 5458) took part in this population-based analytical cross-sectional study; of them 3400 rural and 2499 urban people. The study procedure involved the evaluation of 683 criteria for each person, 293 of them related to the respondents’ questionnaire answers and general somatic examination, 355 referred to ophthalmic examination and 35 to laboratory tests. For glaucoma detection we applied the classification of Jonas J.B. et al. (1988), based on optic nerve head morphology changes. Eye exams included measuring BCVA and uncorrected visual acuity, autorefractometry, bimicroscopy, A-scans (axial length, depth of anterior chamber, lens thickness), non-contact tonometry tests, ophthalmoscopy, corneal kertotopography, fundus photography, static perimetry, OCT. Results. Glaucoma was detected in 561 out of 10 961 examined eyes (5458 people). Its prevalence in age groups was significantly different. The highest prevalence was noted in group of 85–89 years (24.2 %) and it significantly exceeded the rates in other age groups (1.4–12.7 %). Stage I glaucoma was detected in 58.1 %, Stage II in 20.1 %. Stage III in 11.4 %. Stage IV — 8.2 % and Stage V in 2.1 %. The prevalence of glaucoma in the Southern Urals among 40+ made up 5.2 % (open-angle glaucoma — 3.8 %, angle-closure glaucoma — 1.5 %), with a predominance among men and a significant (2.2-fold) prevalence among urban people. In total, the index of glaucoma prevalence was 1.5-fold higher than the average world index (3.5 %), there was a tendency to its increase with age. The highest correlation of glaucoma is associated with such factors as increased IOP, age, city residence and elongated axial length. Conclusion. The relatively high prevalence of glaucoma in the Ural region (5.3 %), which was revealed during the population-based study, may indicate not only the impact of hereditary or cultural factor on glaucoma development, but also some features and problems of ophthalmic care provision in this region. The question demands further investigation and taking certain measures. It is natural that the results obtained are of great importance for the development of glaucoma monitoring and the improvement of pathology prevention in the region. Keywords: glaucoma, epidemiological characteristcs