Аналіз депозитних операцій банків: стан, проблеми та вдосконалення

Abstract

Abstract. Introduction. The determining share of bank resources is formed in the process of implementation of deposit operations, the productivity of which depends on the stability, sufficiency and liquidity of banks. They need to systematically maintain proper customer service, use the latest deposit products and investment requirements to expand their customer base. That is why the assessment of the bank's deposit operations, identifying their problems and areas for improvement is very important. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the state of deposit operations of domestic banks, identify their problems and improve. Results. The article examines the essence of deposits, which is regulated by various regulations. The classification of deposits on various grounds is considered. The focus is on such types of deposits as: time deposits and demand deposits, their disadvantages and advantages are presented. The analysis of deposit operations in Ukraine is carried out. In particular, the following was assessed during 2010-2020: dynamics of residents 'deposits, dynamics of non-residents' deposits, residents 'deposits by maturity, residents' deposits by types of currencies, corporate and retail deposits, distribution of retail deposits by groups of banks and value of time deposits by data of statistical reporting of banks of Ukraine. It is indicated that in the development of deposits over the past ten years there are both quantitative and qualitative trends that reflect certain aspects of banks' deposit policy. Currently, there is a situation when the amount of deposits increases by sectors of the economy, in terms of types of currencies and maturities and the cost of their use decreases. The main problems of the deposit operations market of Ukraine as well as the directions of improving the efficiency of banks' deposit policy are identified. Conclusions. The study shows that currently there is a situation where the amount of deposits increases by sectors of the economy, in terms of types of currencies and maturities, and the cost of their use decreases. Summarizing the practice of banks and the views of scientists, identified the main problems of the deposit market of Ukraine. The directions of improvement of banks 'deposit policy are also covered, namely, introduction and expansion of innovative banking services, restoration of depositors' confidence in banks, modernization of deposit policy on the basis of modern inquiries, increase of interest in placing funds on deposit accounts.