Abstract
Spine injuries in children are of great social significance. Currently, the incidence of spinal cord injuries in children has increased; this is due to the use of modern imaging devices (digital X-ray examination, CT, MR1) at the prehospital and hospital stages. For children, compression fractures of the vertebral body, which are associated with serious injuries to the musculoskeletal system, are more characteristic. Compression fractures of vertebral bodies (1-2 %) with improper treatment can lead to aseptic necrosis of the vertebra, kyphoscoliosis and other pathological conditions, which often results in disability. When X-ray diagnosis of fractures of transverse and spinous processes, one should consider additional ossification points, which can be mistaken for fractures. Also, differential diagnosis should take into account congenital wedge vertebrae and other abnormalities of vertebral development, which can be mistaken for fractures. The publication presents the results of a comprehensive examination and treatment of 85 children with spine trauma. The age of the examined was from 3 months to 16 years. In 20 cases, we detected compression fractures of the spine at different levels (cervical - 1, upper-thoracic - 4, medium-thoracic - 10, lower-thoracic - 2, lumbar - 3). In 25 cases, a rotational subluxation of the C 1 vertebra was diagnosed, in 3 - a traumatic rupture of the intervertebral disc, in 29 - a fracture of the coccyx. Complicated injuries of the spine accompanied by lesions of the spinal cord and roots were noted in 7 patients. Given the anatomical and physiological features of spine injuries in children, conservative methods of treatment were predominantly used.
Highlights
КЛИНИКА, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ ПОЗВОНОЧНИКА У ДЕТЕЙ
The incidence of spinal cord injuries in children has increased; this is due to the use of modern imaging devices at the prehospital and hospital stages
Compression fractures of the vertebral body, which are associated with serious injuries to the musculoskeletal system, are more characteristic
Summary
Spine injuries in children are of great social significance. Currently, the incidence of spinal cord injuries in children has increased; this is due to the use of modern imaging devices (digital X-ray examination, CT, MRI) at the prehospital and hospital stages. Compression fractures of the vertebral body, which are associated with serious injuries to the musculoskeletal system, are more characteristic. Такие повреждения могут быть получены как во время. Компрессионные переломы тел позвонков (1–2 %) при неправильном лечении могут привести к асептическому некрозу позвонка, кифосколиозу и другим патологическим состояниям, что нередко заканчивается инвалидностью. Наиболее частой причиной повреждения позвоночника является падение с высоты (на уроках физкультуры, тренировках, при прыжках в воду и др.). Чаще всего у детей возникают неосложнённые, более лёгкие формы травмы позвоночника. При рентгенодиагностике переломов поперечных и остистых отростков следует помнить о добавочных точках окостенения, которые могут быть ошибочно приняты за переломы. У детей процесс образования межпозвонковой грыжи чаще наступает остро в результате травмы или перегрузки позвоночника. Изучение особенностей диагностики и лечения повреждений позвоночника у детей остаётся актуальной проблемой
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