ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЦЕСС РЫХЛЕНИЯ ПОЧВЫ ПЛОСКОРЕЖУЩЕЙ ЛАПОЙ И СТОЙКОЙ

Abstract

Purpose: to study the technological process of loosening the soil with a flat-cutting blade and a tine. Materials and methods: the methods of analyzing the power impact on the tine, as well as the theoretical provisions of failure hypotheses are used. As an object of research, the working bodies of tools with a horizontal cutting edge were considered, namely, flat-cutting blades which are used for overall tillage. Results: as a result of studies it was found that the main parameters of flat-cutting blades include: operating width Bi, opening angle 2γ, crumbling angle β0, edge angle i0, band width b, which determine the blades shape and the nature of the impact on the soil. When considering the layout of the soil deformation zones, i. e., the simultaneous combined effect of the tine and plowshares of the horizontal blade, it was found that the zones for obtaining fine soil fractions increase, and a decrease in the thickness t of tine and the operating width of the share B affects the crumbling value. This, in turn, allows regulating the zones for obtaining fine soil fractions and determining the optimal composition of blade width and tine thickness for better crumbling. Conclusions: according to the research results, it was found that the generalized estimated indicator (W) of options for deep tillage ranges from 0.82 to 0.84, for shallow loosening from 0.84 to 0.87, and for surface shallow tillage from 0.845 to 0.870. For loosening soil with mixing crop residues with soil particles, the option W = 0.84 with a vertical tine t = 2.0 cm and a blade operating width of 42.0 cm is acceptable. For surface and presowing tillage, the most suitable options are WX = 0.87 and WXI = 0.85, allowing carrying tillage to a depth of 6–10 cm.