유목문화가 카자흐스탄과 투르크메니스탄 독재체제 형성에 미친 영향 분석

Abstract

On January 2, 2022, protests took place in Zhanaozen, a small town in western Kazakhstan, against the sharp increase in the price of LPG from 38 Tenge to 120 Tenge. After these protests, the first president, Nazarbayev, who had been in power for virtually 31 years, was forced to resign. On the other hand, in the Turkmenistan presidential election on March 12, 2022, Deputy Prime Minister Serdar, son of former President Berdimuhammedov, who had maintained power for 15 years, was elected with 73% of the votes.<BR> Based on the above facts, this study assumes that the nomadic traditions and cultures of both countries influenced the formation, maintenance, and succession of the dictatorship system. This study has the following main contents.<BR> First, the characteristics of power and politics in the nomadic traditions and culture of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan will be analyzed. To do this, it is necessary to understand the nomadic production method. And through this, the power structure and the political relationship between rulers and members will be analyzed.<BR> Second, it will be analyzed how Nazarbaev, Niyazov, and Berdimuhamedov used their nomadic traditions and culture to form their own dictatorship. Here, the policy of settlement and Soviet citizenship promoted under the Soviet system and the change in the political structure between tribes, nationalism and nepotism in both countries after independence, and process and content of application of nomadic culture and tradition to Stalin’s personality cult policy will be analyzed in detail.<BR> Third, the characteristics of the dictatorships of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan will be compared and analyzed. The characteristics of each country