Защита металлов ингибиторами коррозии в растворах различных кислот

Abstract

The current state of research in the field of inhibitor protection of metals and alloys in solutions of mineral and organic acids has been summarized and analysed. Acid solutions in modern industry are widely used at oil-and-gas facilities, metallurgy, housing-and-communal services, where they can be in contact with metal parts of industrial equipment for a long time, without the use of additional protection measures, causing its destruction. The specificity of the corrosive effect of acid solutions on metallic materials is analysed. Various groups of metal corrosion inhibitors (CIs) for these media and the features of the mechanism of their protective action were discussed. Among the various groups of CIs that protect metals in acidic media, various azole derivatives deserve the most attention. The industrial use of azoles is promising in the form of mixtures with other compounds. Promising lines of research in the field of inhibitory protection of metals in acidic media are associated with the wider application of the possibilities of electrochemical methods (voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). When determining the thermodynamic parameters of CIs adsorption, one should be guided by determining their true values, and not effective values. In the development of mixed CIs, a thorough theoretical study of these issues is required, taking into account prospects of such developments for the industrial use. Prospects for the industrial application of environmentally friendly («green») CIs for the protection of metals in acidic environments are considered. At present, the practical application of such products is limited by the lack of data on their compliance with the tight requirements of modern industries for CIs. The bibliography includes 129 references.