ЭКСПЕРТНО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ЦЕНТРЫ В США В ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XX В.: ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ КОНТЕКСТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Abstract

Research institutions and specifically think tanks have existed and developed in the United States for more than 100 years. Since their inception, they have changed and evolved in many ways, while expanding their research foci and political impact. Since the 2010s, a few experts in the field have observed that the U.S. policy expertise is now in crisis. To understand current challenges of policy analysis institutions it is important to study them in a historical retrospective. This article explores the political and socioeconomic contexts in which think tanks emerged and developed from 1910 to the 1950-s. It particularly examines the role of international crises, as well as domestic political factors, such as the role of philanthropy organizations, institutional changes in the government, and others. It discusses how these domestic and foreign policy aspects affected the early development of the Carnegie Endowment for the International Peace (1910), the Council on Foreign Relations (1921) and the RAND Corporation (1948).