БИОТОПИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ И УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ К АНТРОПОГЕННОМУ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЮ LISTERA OVATA (L.) R.BR. В КИРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

Stash ovate (Listera ovata (L.) R. Br.) – herbaceous short-rooted perennial. The purpose of the study is to identify the environmental preferences of Listera ovata and its resistance to anthropogenic impact on the territory of the Kirov region. As a result of phytoindication of the studied Listera ovata habitats, ecological characteristics were obtained using six H. Ellenberg scales (1974). According to the illumination scale, which evaluates the ratio of plants to the relative illumination prevailing in the habitat of the species, Listera ovata grows at different levels of illumination: as in open habitats with 60–80 % illumination. In relation to the thermoclimatic factor that evaluates heat / cold resistance, the studied species is an inhabitant of a temperate climate (the 5th stage of the Ellenberg scale). On the continental scale Listera ovata is characterized as a suboceanic species (4th stage of the Ellenberg scale), which corresponds to the geographical distribution zone of the species within the Kirov region. In relation to soil moisture, the distribution of the species in habitats with soils ranging from medium-wet (5th stage of the Ellenberg scale) to wet (6th stage of the Ellenberg scale) was noted. On the scale of soil acidity, which determines the dependence of species on acid-base soil conditions, Listera ovata occupies habitats characterized from moderately acidic (5th stage of the Ellenberg scale) to weakly alkaline soils (7th stage of the Ellenberg scale). According to the nitrogen richness scale, which shows the total supply of nutrients (N, K, P, Mg) in the soil, the species is confined to habitats with moderately provided basic nutrients (5th stage of the Ellenberg scale). Analysis of hemerobicity by species composition in plant communities showed that the studied plant communities with Listera ovata are mainly represented by oligo and meso-hemerobic species: from 30.56 to 37.78 %. These are species of communities that are close to natural, that tolerate irregular weak influences, and species of semi-natural communities that are resistant to extensive influences (Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Fragaria vesca, Asarum europaeum, Pimpinella saxifraga, Melica nutans, Maianthemum bifolium, Vaccinium myrtillus). The share of species of natural communities that do not tolerate anthropogenic influence is 1.65 %. About 21 % are occupied by species far from natural communities that are resistant to intensive use (Melilotus albus, Pastinaca silvestris, Calamagrostis epigeios). Weed species of natural and anthropogenic communities that suffer regular severe disturbances account for 7.67 % (Trifolium repens, Galium odorata, Taraxacum officinale). The share of specialized weed species of intensive crops is 4.06 % (Chamaenerion angustifolium, Tussilago farfara, Cirsium arvense, Galium aparine, Anthriscus sylvestris). Types of completely disturbed ecosystems in the studied habitats were not identified. All studied phytocenoses with L. ovata are dominated by anthropophobic species: from 62 to 77 %. The percentage of anthropotolerant species is not high and varies from 23 to 38 %.