Епізоотологічні особливості геморагічної хвороби кролів, викликаної вірусами першого (GI.[1) та другого (GI.[2) типів в Україні у 2021 – 2022 рр.

Abstract

Goal. To determine the epizootological features of rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) caused by viruses of the first and the second types in Ukraine in 2021–2022. Methods. The work was performed based on 28 rabbit farms from 10 regions of Ukraine and in the laboratory of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of NAAS. Epizootological, clinical, pathomorphological, molecular-genetic, immunochromatographic, bacteriological, and statistical research methods were used. Results. It was established that the form of manifestation of the epizootic process in RHD in 2021–2022 were outbreaks of the disease registered in 10 regions: in 17 farms it was caused by a virus of the first type (English — RHDV (GI. 1)), and in 11 farms — by a virus of the second type (English — RHDV2 (GI. 2)). The indicator of the adversity of Ukraine with RHD caused by both types of viruses was 40% in 2021, and 28% in 2022. Based on the study of indicators of the epizootic process, such as the damage and death of rabbits of a certain age (technological) groups, the significance of morbidity, mortality, and lethality, the course of the disease in rabbits of different age groups, as well as the seasonality of its outbreaks, the features were determined of the course of hemorrhagic disease caused by RHDV2 (GI. 2), compared to the “classical” RHDV (GI. 1). The obtained results indica­ted a lower virulence of RHDV2 (GI. 2) circulating in Ukraine compared to the “classic” strain of the virus. However, the established features of the seasonal manifestation of RHD outbreaks, taking into account the short observation period, require further research. Conclusions. In 2021–2022, RHD epizootic outbreaks caused by RHDV (GI. 1) occurred more often in Ukraine, and the country’s vulnerability to this disease was 36%. The second type of virus (GI. 2) was less common, with a prevalence of 16%. RHDV2 (GI. 2) circulated mainly in the central and northern regions, and RHDV (GI. 1) was distributed throughout the country. In general, the epizootic process caused by the virus RHDV2 (GI. 2) had many differences from the process caused by RHDV (GI. 1).