Abstract
Direct Pipe technology combines the best properties of previously well-proven methods, such as microtunneling and horizontal directional drilling. To estimate the maximum forcing force, the pipeline profile is divided into a number of straight and curved sections. Then, starting from the exit point, the change in the axial compressive force for eachsection is calculated and summed up to the entry point to determine the maximum pushing force. The presence of low shear rates at the pipe-liquid interface, combined with the use of low-yield annular fluids, leads to small shearstresses that can be ignored from the point of view of the evaluation of the forcing force.
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