Abstract
Introduction. During the global pandemic, several studies have been published examining various functional parameters of the respiratory system in COVID-19 patients at different stages of recovery. However, there is no evidence of respiratory dysfunction in the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2. Aim. We aimed to study impaired respiratory function in patients with SARS-CoV-2 at the hospital stage of treatment. Material and method. The study cohort consisted of 103 patients with COVID-19, aged 62 ± 13 years, who were treated in the infectious diseases department from December 2020 to May 2021. All of the patients, in addition to standard clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations to determine the subgroups with severe and moderate severity of the infectious process, underwent a study of the respiratory function with МАС2-БМ (BY) spirometer. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test or chi-square test, and the Pearson correlation test was used to determine whether there was a relationship between variables at a statistically significant level of p < 0.05. Results. Pathological changes in the function of external respiration were detected in 73 patients (71 %), mainly with a restrictive type of pulmonary dysfunction (46 %) and less often with obstructive (15 %) and mixed (10 %) types. The incidence of functional impairment (89 %) was significantly higher (p = 0.0048) in the subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 compared with the subgroup of moderate severity (62 %). Moreover, a statistically significant negative correlation (r = – 0.305411, p > 0.05) was established between the percentage of parenchymal lung lesions according to computed tomography and the % of predicted values of lung vital capacity by spirometry. Conclusion. Dysfunctions of external respiration, predominantly restrictive nature, were identified in more than two-thirds of the COVID-19 patients in the acute phase, and an increase in the percentage of damage to the lung parenchyma was associated with a decrease in the vital capacity of the lungs.
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