ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ СТРАТЕГИИ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА РЕСУРСОВ РОССИЙСКИХ РЕЧНЫХ РАКОВ (ASTACINAE LATREILLE, 1802)

Abstract

Strategy of reproduction of resources of native crayfish subfamily Astacinae (noble crayfish ( Astacus astacus (L.)), narrow-clawed crayfish ( Pontastacus leptodactylus (Esch.)), Kuban crayfish ( P. cubanicus (Birstein & Winogradov, 1934)) was developed in the conditions of reduction of the number of these valuable species and loss of many commercial water-bodies in the European part of Russia. The strategy was developed taking into account the achievements of Western European countries and Russia in the field of restoration of native astacinae resources in the natural water-bodies and in conditions of cultivation. Reproduction of natural resources of the Russian crayfish should be carried out stage by stage in the territories with favorable ecological and hydrographic conditions for their breeding. Provisions recommended to follow include: selection of the territories favorable for crayfish breeding; preparation of the list of water-bodies suitable for formation of sites with high crayfish productivity; arranging crayfish hatcheries (astacological centers) for receiving crayfish stocking material; creating crayfish reproduction grounds by means of intruding there seeding material from the fish farms. Cultivated resources of crayfish, such as reserved populations, domesticated forms, new-spawning stock of crayfish, groups of breeds and others, are practically absent in Russia. Creating specialized resources for crayfish cultivating (ponds, cages, tank-basins) will allow to carry out selective and genetic researches, to develop technologies of crayfish growing for food production, etc. Solutions for funding actions for reproduction of Astacinae resources and for their legal protection have been proposed.