Изменение темпов биологического созревания коренного населения Тувы за 40 лет

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to continue studying the population characteristics of the rates of biological maturation in children and adolescents, indigenous inhabitants of Tuva and to assess changes in the levels of adaptation in the studied populations under modification of environmental conditions based on a comparative study of the rates of predefinitive ontogenesis. Materials and methods. Tuvan schoolchildren from the villages of Toora-Khem (Todzhinsky district) and Mugur-Aksy (Mongun-Taiga district) (1978-1979) were studied: 85 boys and 122 girls aged 11–18 years. In 2018, 415 people (197 boys and 218 girls) aged 6-17 were examined in Kyzyl. Data on the growth of menarche in adult women were collected in 1976-1978 in the Dzun-Khemchik, Todzhinsky, Mongun-Taiga and Erzinsky districts of the Tuva ASSR (378 people in the age range of 16-72 years). In 2018, female students and schoolgirls of Kyzyl and Todzhinsky district (576 people in the age range of 7–26 years) were examined. The Tanner-Whitehouse method (TW-2) was used to determine skeletal maturity at the pre-definitive stage. The age of Me was calculated according to standard methods. The analysis of the primary data included standard statistical processing using the software packages "Microsoft Excel" and "Statistica 10.0". The material was collected in accordance with the rules of bioethics. Results. It is shown that the children examined in 2018, in terms of skeletal age and menarche age, are significantly ahead of their peers studied in the 70s of the last century. At the same time, boys are ahead of girls in skeletal age after the beginning of puberty. Sexual differences were also noted in the timing of reaching the definitive stage of development. Monitoring of maturation rates in the indigenous population of various regions in the territory of the former USSR revealed a slow development in the representatives of the population who retained the traditional (adaptive) lifestyle at the time of the survey. Conclusion. The conducted research confirmed that the most effective reasons for the activation of the maladaptive process, expressed in the acceleration of the rates of skeletal and puberty (and the whole ontogenesis as a whole) are the change of the cultural and economic structure of the population, migration, urbanization, social stress.