География бронхолегочной заболеваемости населения в регионах России: мониторинг 2010–2019 годов

Abstract

The problem of diseases of the respiratory system is important for many countries of the world. The solution of this problem determines the search for new topical directions for the prevention of nosological and epidemiological threats. The article presents the first results of a nosogeographic study of bronchopulmonary morbidity among the population of Russian regions for the period from 2010 to 2019. The article shows that respiratory diseases are the leading class of diseases in the structure of primary and general morbidity of the Russian population. Monitoring of the nosogeographical situation was performed on the example of three bronchopulmonary diseases (pneumonia; bronchitis; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). For each disease, the morbidity growth rate was calculated. The resulting data sets became the basis for the development of a series of cartograms. A series of cartograms showed territorial differences in the dynamics of bronchopulmonary morbidity in the regions of Russia. As a result, the general patterns of the prevalence of bronchopulmonary diseases in the regions of Russia were described. The most unfavorable nosogeographical situation in most regions of Russia was revealed by pneumonia. As an example, 36 regions were characterized by high and very high morbidity growth rate of pneumonia. The nosogeographic situation for bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was assessed as less tense situation (in comparison with the situation for pneumonia). High and very high morbidity growth rates for bronchitis were registered in 22 regions, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were registered in 8 regions. After that, some risk factors that can influence the distribution of various diseases of the respiratory system were discussed. In conclusion, a need to continue research on the assessment and monitoring of bronchopulmonary morbidity was stressed. The results of these research works are of practical value for improving of regional programs and public health services.